LAND TENURE CATEGORIES IN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF M. A. ABDURAHIMOV’S WORKS)
Keywords:
Bukhara Emirate, land tenure, agrarian relationsAbstract
This article analyzes the land tenure system and agrarian relations in the Bukhara Emirate during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries based on the works of M. A. Abdurahimov. It examines the legal nature of major land categories such as amlok (state lands), mulk, mulk-i hurr-i khalis, mulk-i kharaj, mulk-i ushr, and waqf lands, as well as their tax obligations and the economic conditions of peasants. The study also highlights the reclamation of “dead lands,” the rates of kharaj and ushr taxes, and the practical mechanisms of the rent–tax system as reflected in the letters of Amir Haydar. Through Abdurahimov’s research, the article provides a scholarly reconstruction of the feudal agrarian structure of the Bukhara Emirate.
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